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A Green-winged Macaw

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A Green-winged Macaw

Shaikh Zayn al-Din, Indian, b. 18th century

Creation date: ca. 1780

Creation place: India

Other Information

Type: Watercolor Painting

Medium and Support: Opaque watercolor on paper

Credit Line: Edwin Binney 3rd Collection

Accession Number: 1990.1357

State/Province: West Bengal

Dimensions: 35 1/4 in. x 22 3/8 in. (89.5 cm x 56.8 cm)

Provenance

Mary Impey, London, England (ca. 1780 - 1855)

Linnaean Society, London, England (1855 - June 10, 1963)

Sotheby's, London, England (June 10, 1963 - June 10, 1963)

Edwin Binney 3rd, San Diego, California (June 10, 1963 - August 27, 1990)

San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California (August 27, 1990 - )

Label Copy

The Ara choloptera, or green winged macaw, is native to the New World tropics, but must have been a resident of Mary Impey's private zoo in Calcutta at the end of the eighteenth century. Lady Impey was one of a number of amateur natural historians in India, intensely interested in identifying and recording species unknown in Europe. In most, but not all, of the illustrations her artists pair the animal or bird with an appropriate plant, thus recording Indian flora as well as fauna.
Shaikh Zain al-Din was one of three artists employed by Lady Impey from 1777 to 1782 to make life-sized paintings of Indian as well as rare and exotic species of birds and animals in her menagerie. The artists were from Patna which was part of the provincial Mughal court of Murshidabad and 300 miles up the Ganga from Calcutta. All would have been trained in the tradition of Mughal court painting.
Lady Impey returned to England with the more than 400 natural history illustrations in 1783, when her husband's term as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at Fort William expired. The collection remained in tact throughout most of the 19th century and is now scattered in public and private collections.

October 2005
Domains of Wonder
Training in Mughal realism enabled Indian artists to quickly adapt to the scientific precision demanded by their new patrons-including members of the British East India Company and private collectors such as Lady Impey, wife of the Chief Justice of Bengal. The artist delineated each barb of the feather with care and patiently applied layers of color and burnished the surface to give the plumage a brilliant luster.

Sonya Quintanilla (2014) Quebec
Attributed to Shaikh Zayn al-Din
A Green-winged Macaw
From the Impey Album
Calcutta, India, ca. 1780
Opaque watercolor on paper. 89.5 x 56.8 cm
Edwin Binney 3rd Collection, 1990.1357

Lady Mary Impey came to Calcutta with her husband, who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at Fort William, and she became known as one of several amateur natural historians in India. She was intensely interested in identifying and recording species unknown to Europe and kept a private zoo, from which this green-winged macaw—not Indian but native to the tropics of the New World—must have been painted.

To record the species she encountered that were exotic to western eyes, Lady Impey employed a stable of painters. Shaikh Zayn al-Din, the Muslim painter of this macaw, was one of her leading artists, employed from 1777 to 1782; Ram Das and Bhawani Das, both Hindus, were two of Impey’s other regular painters. All three came from Patna, part of the provincial Mughal court of Murshidabad, and were trained in the Mughal style of painting.

Lady Impey often insisted on pairing fauna with flora in a single image. In this painting, the green macaw (Ara chloroptera) rests on the branch of a Nagarsu tree, identified in the Persian inscription as darakht-i nagarsu. In its beak, the macaw holds a nut and appears poised to crack it.
Last Updated: 5/22/2018

Exhibition

This object was included in the following exhibitions:

The Mughal and Deccani Schools: Indian Miniature Painting from the Collection of Edwin Binney, 3rd The Portland Art Association , 12/2/1973 - 3/7/1976

Myths, Monsters, Maharajas: Introducing the Binney Collection San Diego Museum of Art , 11/23/1991 - 1/26/1992

Domains of Wonder: Selected Masterworks of Indian Painting San Diego Museum of Art , 10/22/2005 - 1/27/2008

Into India: South Asian Paintings from The San Diego Museum of Art San Diego Museum of Art , 2/28/2012 - 5/27/2012

Bibliography

This object has the following bibliographic references:

Dr. Ellen Smart. San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego Museum of Art. San Diego, California, 1993
Page Number: 86, 87, Figure Number: 87

Dr. Edwin Binney, 3rd. The Mughal and Deccani Schools Portland Art Museum. Portland, Oregon, 1973
Page Number: 121, 134, Figure Number: 114

Brijinder Nath Goswamy and Dr. Caron Smith. Domains of Wonder: San Diego Museum of Art. San Diego, California, 2005
Page Number: 274, 290, 291, Figure Number: 123

Mr. Roger Keveerne, ed. Asian Art in London, Asian Art in London. London, England, 2006
Page Number: 79, Figure Number: 79

Art of the Islamic and Indian Worlds Christie's. London, England, October 7, 2008
Page Number: 284

Dr. Sonya Quintanilla and Patrick Coleman. Visiones de la India Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza. Madrid, 2012
Page Number: 208, 292, Figure Number: cat. 92, p. 209

Dr. Sonya Quintanilla and Patrick Coleman. Visiones de la India (Mexico) Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. Mexico , 2013
Page Number: 136, Figure Number: cat. 90, p. 137

Marks

Inscription, Lower left: the Nagarsu tree (branch)/Shaikh Zayn al-Din

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